| REVIEW ARTICLE |
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| Year : 2011 | Volume
: 2
| Issue : 1 | Page : 26-37 |
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Regulation of adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus by stress, acetylcholine and dopamine
J Veena1, BS Shankaranarayana Rao2, BN Srikumar3
1 Laboratoire Psynugen, Université Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
2 Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
3 Laboratoire "Physiologie Cellulaire de la Synapse", Université Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
Correspondence Address:
B N Srikumar
Laboratoire "Physiologie Cellulaire de la Synapse", UMR 5091 CNRS, Université Bordeaux 2, 33077 Bordeaux
France
 Source of Support: Department of Science and Technology (DST) and Department of Biotechnology (DBT), India to BSSR and from Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India to JV, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.82312
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Neurogenesis is well-established to occur during adulthood in two regions of the brain, the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus. Research for more than two decades has implicated a role for adult neurogenesis in several brain functions including learning and effects of antidepressants and antipsychotics. Clear understanding of the players involved in the regulation of adult neurogenesis is emerging. We review evidence for the role of stress, dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh) as regulators of neurogenesis in the SGZ. Largely, stress decreases neurogenesis, while the effects of ACh and DA depend on the type of receptors mediating their action. Increasingly, the new neurons formed in adulthood are potentially linked to crucial brain processes such as learning and memory. In brain disorders like Alzheimer and Parkinson disease, stress-induced cognitive dysfunction, depression and age-associated dementia, the necessity to restore brain functions is enormous. Activation of the resident stem cells in the adult brain to treat neuropsychiatric disorders has immense potential and understanding the mechanisms of regulation of adult neurogenesis by endogenous and exogenous factors holds the key to develop therapeutic strategies for the debilitating neurological and psychiatric disorders. |
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